different ways of preventing pregnancy

 
Pregnancy occurs when the sperm fertilises the egg. So the way to prevent pregnancy is to prevent fertilisation. There are many ways to do this. 
Rhythm method- This method relies on the menstrual cycle. If you do not have sexual intercourse around day 9 to day 19 of the cycle, you could avoid pregnancy. It is not very effective.

Abstinence, Withdrawal methods - Not having sex is the only sure way to avoid pregnancy. However, human nature does not permit abstinence. Some people try the withdrawal method where the penis is withdrawn just before ejaculation. That way, the semen falls outside the vagina. This method is also not very reliable.

Barrier methods - These methods work by preventing the sperm from being deposited in the vagina. Condoms, and Diaphragms are barrier contraceptives. These methods are highly effective if used correctly.

Hormonal methods - Hormonal pills or injections work by changing the levels of the reproductive hormones in the woman’s body. By doing so, they prevent ovulation, or release of the egg from the ovary.

Implants - Implants like Copper secreting devices or hormone secreting devices are placed in the uterus. These devices prevent the fertilised egg from implanting in the uterus. So even though fertilisation may occur, pregnancy will not proceed.

Surgical methods - Methods like tubectomy and vasectomy remove part of the tubes through which the egg or the sperm pass. This creates a block and they cannot reach the uterus.

*Send your questions in to the Duta Doctor. Just type doctor followed by your question!*

_Duta Doctor is a qualified doctor. However Duta Doctor's advice is generic and can never replace a consultation with your personal physician._

All of these methods have different levels of efficiency. Different methods are better suited for different people. I would advise you to consult your doctor to choose the best method for you.

Real Madrid Agree Hazard Fee With Chelsea

Eden Hazard is set to join Real Madrid after the Spanish club and Chelsea agreed a fee in the region of €100m (£88.5m) plus add-ons.

Hazard said after Chelsea won the Europa League final against Arsenal that “I think it is a goodbye, but in football you never know”. At that point Real and Chelsea had not agreed on a fee but on Wednesday night they did with the announcement set to follow in the next few days. The two clubs are now preparing the contracts to be signed.

The 28-year-old Belgian will leave Stamford Bridge after seven hugely successful years at the club, winning the Premier League twice, one FA Cup and two Europa League titles.

The Chelsea manager, Maurizio Sarri, who is also expected to depart, said after the game against Arsenal that he had known about Hazard’s desire to leave for some time. “As you know, Hazard is a wonderful player, but you have to spend two or three months to understand him as a man,” he said. “But when you are able to understand him as a man, he’s a wonderful man. I knew Eden wanted to leave. But I wanted to respect his decision.”

Hazard had one year left on his contract and ruled out joining another English club in the buildup to the Europa League final, saying: “No chance, no chance. I am a Blue. It means a lot to me. I cannot play for another club in this country.”

*Neymar⚡ Ruled Out of Copa America🙆*

Neymar has been ruled out of Brazil's 2019 Copa America campaign after rupturing ankle ligaments in a friendly against Qatar on Wednesday.

The Paris Saint-Germain star started in a front three alongside Richarlison and Gabriel Jesus as Brazil began preparations for this summer's South American tournament.

But Neymar was forced out after just 21 minutes after suffering an apparent right ankle injury in a tackle.

The Brazil star was seen crying on the bench after suffering the injury and was helped down to the dressing room with the assistance of team personnel.

Neymar was replaced by Everton Soares in the Brazil lineup and the CBF has confirmed Neymar has suffered a twisted ankle.

*CAF Champions League Final to be Replayed😳*

The second leg of the African Champions League final will be replayed after the original fixture was abandoned and the match awarded to Esperance of Tunisia when Wydad Casablanca left the pitch following a disputed decision.

The Confederation of African Football’s executive committee, meeting in Paris on the fringes of the Fifa congress, decided on Wednesday to restage the match at a neutral ground in a decision that could spark an immediate legal challenge.

Wydad Casablanca refused to play on after having a 59th-minute effort disallowed in the return leg of the final in Tunis last Friday.

The VAR system was not working and after a delay of almost two hours the match was awarded to the home side Esperance, who were handed the trophy and winners’ medals.

The first leg in Casablanca on 25 May ended 1-1 and Esperance were 1-0 up in the return a week later when Wydad thought they had equalised, only for the referee to signal for offside.

That sparked protests that continued for around 90 minutes before the game was eventually called off in scenes that bordered on the farcical, with even the Caf president, Ahmad Ahmad, coming down to the side of the pitch to try and resolve the matter without success.

No official announcement, or explanation for the decision, was immediately made by Caf. But committee members and the two clubs confirmed the decision.

Esperance are expected to appeal against the ruling, club officials said on Wednesday.

*📰NB85: Nigerian Army Bans🚷 ‘Okada’ in Niger state and other six States*

The Nigerian Army on Sunday announced ban on the use of motorcycles in the North West region.

It said the ban under exercise HARBIN KUNAMA which seeks to wipe out banditry, kidnapping and other criminal activities in the zone, affects Kaduna, Kano, Kebbi, Kastina, Sokoto, Zamfara and Niger states.

The Army said it would not tolerate the use of motorcycles within the hinterland, particularly around the forests where the armed bandits and kidnappers hibernate.

It called on the government of the affected states to enforce the order in their respective states in conjunction with the security agencies.

Acting spokesman, Colonel Sagir Musa, in a statement said: “The Nigerian Army over time has observed the use of motorcycles by armed bandits, kidnappers, criminal elements and their collaborators as enablers to perpetrate their heinous crimes especially in the states within the north-west geopolitical zone of the country.

“This informed the decision and directive to ban the use of motorcycles within the hinterland particularly around the forests where the armed bandits, criminals and kidnappers hibernate and all around where troops are conducting operations alongside other security agencies.

“While this may cause some inconveniences to some law-abiding citizens in the area, the need to use all means possible to stop the dastardly activities of these bandits across the North West part of Nigeria needs no emphasis.

“The general public, particularly in the North West and some parts of North Central in Nigeria where Exercise HARBIN KUNAMA is ongoing are enjoined to bear with the NA as concerted efforts are being made to combat the insecurity menace ongoing within the area.”

*📰NB85: Nigerian Army Bans🚷 ‘Okada’ in Niger state and other six States*

The Nigerian Army on Sunday announced ban on the use of motorcycles in the North West region.

It said the ban under exercise HARBIN KUNAMA which seeks to wipe out banditry, kidnapping and other criminal activities in the zone, affects Kaduna, Kano, Kebbi, Kastina, Sokoto, Zamfara and Niger states.

The Army said it would not tolerate the use of motorcycles within the hinterland, particularly around the forests where the armed bandits and kidnappers hibernate.

It called on the government of the affected states to enforce the order in their respective states in conjunction with the security agencies.

Acting spokesman, Colonel Sagir Musa, in a statement said: “The Nigerian Army over time has observed the use of motorcycles by armed bandits, kidnappers, criminal elements and their collaborators as enablers to perpetrate their heinous crimes especially in the states within the north-west geopolitical zone of the country.

“This informed the decision and directive to ban the use of motorcycles within the hinterland particularly around the forests where the armed bandits, criminals and kidnappers hibernate and all around where troops are conducting operations alongside other security agencies.

“While this may cause some inconveniences to some law-abiding citizens in the area, the need to use all means possible to stop the dastardly activities of these bandits across the North West part of Nigeria needs no emphasis.

“The general public, particularly in the North West and some parts of North Central in Nigeria where Exercise HARBIN KUNAMA is ongoing are enjoined to bear with the NA as concerted efforts are being made to combat the insecurity menace ongoing within the area.”